Skin diseases

Acne is the most common chronic skin condition during adolescence, characterized by painful, red, and inflamed bumps on the face, shoulders, back, and chest. Acne and pimples are the same thing. It develops as a result of increased activity in the oil glands of the skin and the blockage of pores due to hormonal effects. This leads to the proliferation of a bacterium called Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and the subsequent inflammation in the affected area.

Alopecia areata, also known as hair loss, is an autoimmune hair disease characterized by sudden and typically round-shaped hair and/or beard loss. In this condition, our body's immune system targets its own hair follicles for unknown reasons and it can be associated with other autoimmune diseases. Infections, trauma, surgery, accidents, and emotional stress can trigger the disease.

Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a chronic skin condition that typically begins in childhood, improves in the 20s, but can persist throughout life. It is characterized by dry skin, itching, and rashes. Symptoms such as redness, itching, burning, scaling, and oozing can be observed. It most commonly affects the back of the knees and inside the elbows.

Behçet's Disease, first described by dermatologist Hulusi Behçet in 1924, is a chronic disease primarily affecting small, medium, and large blood vessels (vasculitis). It leads to inflammation of the blood vessels, causing recurrent ulcers in the mouth and genital area, potential damage to the eyes leading to blindness, joint inflammation (arthritis), skin manifestations, headaches, abdominal pain

Nevus round structures caused by clusters of cells called melanocytes in the skin. Their sizes vary and can be at the skin level or elevated from the skin. They can be found in any part of our body and sometimes can cause discomfort in the person due to their location or size and elevation. First of all, whether it's benign or malignant is evaluated by a dermatologist with a dermatoscope.

The skin is the largest organ of our body. Cancers can occur anywhere in our body, including the skin. Skin cancers are the most common cancers in the human body. Among the various skin cancers, the main ones are melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. In addition to these, there are conditions like precancerous formations that can turn into cancer

The fungal diseases of the skin occur when fungi, often known as dermatophytes, infect the skin. They are classified into superficial and deep fungal infections. Deep fungal infections are rare in our country and occur in cases of foreign travel or suppressed immune system. Superficial fungal infections are one of the most common diseases in the community. The most common ones are Tinea Pedis (athlete's foot),

Dermoscopy (Dermatoscopy) is the general term for examining the skin using a type of microscope called a dermatoscope. With the aid of this specialized device, dermatologists have the opportunity to thoroughly examine the surface features, color, and borders of suspicious skin lesions. It plays a crucial role in diagnosing skin cancers, particularly melanoma, and many other skin lesions. Additionally, it is widely used in hair disorders (trichoscopy)

Eczema (Dermatitis) is a skin condition characterized by symptoms such as redness, itching, burning, flaking, and oozing on the skin. Although there are many different types, the most common ones are contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis.

Hair loss is a common condition in both men and women, resulting in thinning of hair density and, in severe cases, baldness. Each hair has a lifecycle and falls out after completing its growth. Shedding up to 100 hairs per day is considered normal for both genders. Abnormal shedding involves excessive shedding exceeding 100 hairs

Skin tags (acrochordons) are soft, benign lesions that typically increase with age and are the color of the skin. They usually have a stalk and are soft to the touch. These growths are commonly seen in skin folds (such as under the armpits and on the neck) and tend to increase with age. Skin tags related to weight gain and diabetes are diagnosed and treated with an appropriate method after diagnosis. Cryotherapy (freezing), electrocautery (burning),

Genital warts, caused by specific types of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), are contagious lesions that are typically a few millimeters to centimeters in size and can appear round, skin-colored, brown, or purple. Often transmitted through sexual contact, this type of wart, once contracted, remains on the skin and can be reactivated when the immune system is compromised. The most significant difference between genital warts

Melasma, also known as pregnancy mask, is a pigmentation disorder commonly observed on the facial area in individuals aged 20-40, often associated with the overproduction and accumulation of melanin, the pigment that gives color to our skin, by melanocytes due to sun exposure and hormonal factors. It's particularly prevalent in individuals with easily tanned or darker skin tones.

Hidradenitis suppurativa, a chronic and severe skin condition characterized by the blockage and inflammatory destruction of sweat glands, often occurs in areas with folds of skin like the armpits, groin, buttocks, and breast area. It is more common in women and typically manifests after the age of 20. Pain and discharge are typical features. It has been observed to be associated with excess weight, smoking, obesity, and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Drugs can cause various types of rashes on the body. Drug rashes are the general name for characteristic rashes that appear on the body a few days, weeks, or months after taking a drug. This condition, which can occur at any age and gender, has quite a variety of types, such as Morbilliform Drug Reaction, Lichenoid Drug Reaction, Bullous Drug Reaction, Fixed Drug Reaction, DRESS, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.

Impetigo is a superficial skin infection caused by bacteria of the Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genera. It is common in children and contagious. The disease is characterized by small blisters filled with pus, called pustules, and honey-colored crusts. Mild fever may be present. The disease can regress spontaneously within 2-4 weeks without leaving a mark. Treatment of impetigo is carried out by dermatologists.

Itching is a highly common and bothersome condition in the community. There can be many causes of itching. Depending on factors such as the areas being itched, continuity, time, season, age, and chronic diseases, the cause of the itching is determined, and a treatment plan is developed. Common causes of itching in our society include dry skin, scabies, elderly itching, itching due to liver and kidney insufficiency, and urticaria.

Lichen planus is a skin condition commonly seen in middle age, characterized by itchy, purplish-pink swellings on the skin. It most often occurs on the inner wrists and ankles but can also be seen on other parts of the body. It typically improves on its own within a few years but can last a lifetime. It's important to note its significant feature of being able to affect the inside of the mouth and genital area;

Mycosis fungoides is the most common type of skin lymphoma. Lymphomas occur when immune cells called lymphocytes escape the body's control and become cancerous; the most common manifestation when these cells affect the skin is Mycosis Fungoides. It often presents with itchy or asymptomatic patches and plaques in advanced age. In later stages,

Molluscum is a viral infection often seen in children, caused by a virus with the same name, and characterized by small, round, skin-colored to purple-centered millimetric elevations on the skin. It is commonly observed in children under 10 years old and is rare in adults. It can be transmitted through skin contact, sharing towels, and in adults, through sexual contact.

Morphea, also known as localized scleroderma, is a type of autoimmune inflammatory skin disease characterized by thickening and fibrosis of the skin. A typical feature is the hardening of the skin and loss of elasticity in the affected area, and there is also a variant where the skin becomes thinner. While pain or itching may be present during the active phase of the disease,

A corn, often seen on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, is a condition characterized by the thickening of the skin in those areas due to continuous pressure or friction, and it can be painful. The formation of a corn requires direct contact. Foot corns typically develop due to factors such as wearing ill-fitting or tight shoes, changes in weight-bearing habits after fractures and casting,

Pityriasis Rosea is a skin condition that typically occurs after an infection with a virus called HHV-7. It often presents on the body as round, raised, red lesions with a scaly border resembling a fir tree. It is commonly seen in late adolescence and young adults, and it is more frequent in females. One of the most characteristic features is the appearance of a larger lesion known as the "herald patch"

Pyoderma Gangrenosum is a condition characterized by painful ulcers often seen around the legs and ankles. It starts as a small sore, then gradually enlarges and deepens, forming a round, painful ulcer. It's often associated with an underlying chronic condition such as Crohn's disease or Ulcerative Colitis. Since this condition doesn't develop due to an infection, it doesn't heal with antibiotics;

Rosacea is a chronic skin condition often characterized by redness and bumps on the face, typically occurring in middle-aged women. It's a significant disease that can greatly impact a person's appearance and also lead to symptoms like burning and stinging. This condition, which can be mistaken for acne, follows a course of flare-ups, necessitating certain preventive measures to prevent exacerbation of the disease.

Hair loss is a common condition in both men and women, resulting in thinning of hair density and, in severe cases, baldness. Each hair has a lifecycle and falls out after completing its growth. Shedding up to 100 hairs per day is considered normal for both genders. Abnormal shedding involves excessive shedding exceeding 100 hairs

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease that affects various organs, primarily the lungs and skin. Although the exact cause is unknown, it progresses with the triggering of immune system cells, resulting in the formation of structures called "granulomas."

Seborrheic dermatitis (oily eczema) is a chronic skin condition characterized by redness, itching, and yellowish oily flakes, primarily affecting the scalp, face, and the T-zone of the chest. It is quite common in the population, with the most common and mildest form being dandruff. Areas behind the ears, inside the ears, and corners of the nose are frequently affected. The excessive growth of a fungus called Malassezia furfur,

Psoriasis, also known as plaque psoriasis, is a chronic disease characterized by red-pinkish, scaly plaques with white flakes, which is quite common in the community. It manifests due to a combination of genetic factors and environmental factors (such as infections, medications, smoking, trauma, etc.), as well as immunological factors. Stress is one of the major triggers.

Warts are benign, round, often hard lesions ranging from a few millimeters to centimeters in diameter, caused by a virus called Human Papillomavirus (HPV). They are more common on the hands and soles of the feet but can be seen in various parts of the body. Individuals with HPV do not typically have problems with their general immunity, but there is a weakening of immunity specific to the virus. The lesions are highly contagious. A person with warts can spread them to others and to different parts of their own body.

Stretch marks (striae) are flat, red-purplish, or white-colored streaks that occur due to excessive stretching of the skin. They are often seen when the skin cannot adapt to sudden growth, such as rapid weight gain, pregnancy, and adolescence. In adolescence, they can appear on the back in males and on the hips and legs in females. During pregnancy, they are observed on the abdomen.

Oral ulcers, commonly seen in the mouth and often associated with trauma, are painful small white ulcers. They can occur in many people independently of any disease and typically heal without leaving a trace within 1-2 weeks. There are different types of oral ulcers, including minor, major, and herpetiform ulcers. If oral ulcers recur frequently, there is a possibility that they may be associated with certain diseases. Some of these diseases include Behçet's disease,

Hair loss is a common condition in both men and women, resulting in thinning of hair density and, in severe cases, baldness. Each hair has a lifecycle and falls out after completing its growth. Shedding up to 100 hairs per day is considered normal for both genders. Abnormal shedding involves excessive shedding exceeding 100 hairs

Tinea inguinalis (groin fungus) is one of the superficial fungal infections of the skin. Fungal skin diseases often occur when fungi known as dermatophytes infect the skin. It is one of the most common skin diseases in the community. The most common symptom of groin fungus is itching and a change in color in the groin area. Erythematous, occasionally scaly, itchy plaques with a border activation are observed.

Tinea Corporis (body fungus) is one of the superficial fungal infections of the skin. Fungal skin diseases often occur when fungi known as dermatophytes infect the skin. It is one of the most common skin diseases in the community. Body fungus is often transmitted from street animals such as cats and dogs and appears as raised round itchy redness that can be seen in many parts of the body.

Tinea Pedis (Foot Fungus) is one of the superficial fungal infections of the skin. Fungal skin diseases often occur when fungi known as dermatophytes infect the skin. It is one of the most common skin diseases in the community. The most common symptom of athlete's foot is the presence of whitening, maceration, and itching between the toes. Often, the lack of air circulation and moisture in the feet create a suitable environment for the proliferation of fungi. Therefore, in the treatment of the disease,

Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor) is one of the superficial fungal infections of the skin. Fungal skin diseases often occur when fungi known as dermatophytes infect the skin. However, Tinea versicolor is a condition caused by a fungus called Malassezia furfur, which resides in our skin. It typically manifests with lesions that are not raised from the skin, appearing in light-colored, dark-colored, or red patches on the body and upper extremities.

Herpes is a viral infection caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), are a viral infection characterized by painful, red, fluid-filled blisters, often occurring around the mouth, face, and genital area. These blisters later rupture and form ulcers. HSV-1 affects the mouth and face, while HSV-2 causes lesions in the genital area; however, both types can cause infection anywhere in the body.

Urticaria, also known as hives, is a condition characterized by raised, red, and itchy lesions called "wheals" that can vary in size from a few millimeters to centimeters on various parts of the body. The secretion of "histamine" molecule from mast cells in the body plays a significant role in the formation of these lesions. The most important characteristic of urticarial lesions is their disappearance within 24 hours;

Scabies, also known as "skabies," is a parasitic disease caused by a parasite named Sarcoptes scabiei, which burrows into the skin and causes intense itching, especially at night, sufficient to disrupt sleep. This parasite is prevalent worldwide and is quite common in our country as well. It affects all ages and is contagious. For transmission in this disease, there needs to be contact with the patient or an object, such as bedding, clothes, that has had contact with the patient's skin for a certain period.

Vitiligo is a chronic skin disease characterized by white patches on the skin due to the loss of melanin, the pigment that gives color to our skin. It often begins in childhood and can occur on any part of the body. It can affect only a specific area of the body or larger surfaces. The loss of melanin, which is the cause of vitiligo, is often attributed to antibodies that the body develops against itself, so additional illnesses may accompany it.

Shingles, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, is a viral disease characterized by painful, fluid-filled blisters. It is also known as herpes zoster or night burns. Although it is often seen in older individuals, it can occur in young people and even children. To develop the disease, one must have had a chickenpox infection during childhood. Shingles starts in a specific area of the body with pain, burning, and tingling, followed by redness and fluid-filled blisters. Subsequently, these blisters crust over and heal.